In this study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were chosen as seeding cells. Seeding cell, tracheal scaffold, and effective blood supply are the three elements of TET, among which seeding cell is the core element and scaffold material is the basis. To better solve the problem of long-term airway stenosis caused by congenital airway stenosis, airway tumour, heart malformation, and other diseases, the concept of the tissue-engineered trachea (TET) was put forward as a new idea. The concept of tissue engineering trachea (TET) was put forward to solve the problem. In addition, there are still difficulties in surgery and some problems in operation difficulty, respiratory strategy, and postoperative nursing. However, the long-term prognosis is not ideal, with an overall mortality rate of 16%–36% and a reintervention rate as high as 44%. With the development of surgical technology, sliding tracheoplasty is an effective treatment for patients with long-term severe tracheal stenosis. At present, the main treatment of congenital TS is by surgery. Long-term airway stenosis in infants would bring serious respiratory distress, repeated hospitalization, endotracheal intubation, ventilator support, and respiratory tract infection. Often caused by the fusion of the tracheal cartilage ring and a tracheal membrane defect, severe congenital TS is one of an important cause of death in infants, especially neonates. Tracheal stenosis (TS) refers to the stenosis narrowing of the tracheal lumen caused by various factors, which are divided into congenital and acquired. It promotes the understanding of diseases of airway stenosis and tissue-engineered tracheal regeneration in newborns and small infants. In vivo experiments show that a composite tissue-engineered trachea has strong potential for angiogenesis. The results of 21-day in vitro experiments showed that the composite tissue-engineered trachea had strong angiogenesis. Fourteen experiments confirmed that cell membranes promote angiogenesis at gene level. We established the architecture and identified rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell membranes by 14 days of ascorbic acid, studied the role of a vascularized membrane in inducing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by in vitro ascorbic acid, and assessed the role of combining the stem cell membranes and noncellular tracheal scaffolds in vivo. After the SCS and decellularized tracheal (DT) were constructed, a tetrandrine allograft was performed to observe its vascularization potential. At the same time, vascular growth-related factors were added and detected during SCS construction. A vascular endothelial cell culture medium was added in vitro to induce the vascularization of the stem cell sheet (SCS), and the immunohistochemistry and gene expression of vascular endothelial cell markers were detected. In this study, it was assumed that rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were obtained and induced by ascorbic acid to detect the tissue structure, ultrastructure, and gene expression of the extracellular matrix. However, successful vascularization studies lack a complete description. Successful vascularization is the key to the application of a tissue-engineered trachea.

A tissue-engineered trachea is a new therapeutic method and a research hotspot. Airway stenosis is a common problem in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Protein scaffold trachea